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✏️ Editing: cwebp.1

.\"                                      Hey, EMACS: -*- nroff -*-
.TH CWEBP 1 "April 10, 2025"
.SH NAME
cwebp \- compress an image file to a WebP file
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B cwebp
.RI [ options ] " input_file \-o output_file.webp
.br
.SH DESCRIPTION
This manual page documents the
.B cwebp
command.
.PP
\fBcwebp\fP compresses an image using the WebP format.
Input format can be either PNG, JPEG, TIFF, WebP or raw Y'CbCr samples.
Note: Animated PNG and WebP files are not supported.
.SH OPTIONS
The basic options are:
.TP
.BI \-o " string
Specify the name of the output WebP file. If omitted, \fBcwebp\fP will
perform compression but only report statistics.
Using "\-" as output name will direct output to 'stdout'.
.TP
.BI \-\- " string
Explicitly specify the input file. This option is useful if the input
file starts with a '\-' for instance. This option must appear \fBlast\fP.
Any other options afterward will be ignored.
.TP
.B \-h, \-help
A short usage summary.
.TP
.B \-H, \-longhelp
A summary of all the possible options.
.TP
.B \-version
Print the version number (as major.minor.revision) and exit.
.TP
.B \-lossless
Encode the image without any loss. For images with fully transparent area,
the invisible pixel values (R/G/B or Y/U/V) will be preserved only if the
\-exact option is used.
.TP
.BI \-near_lossless " int
Specify the level of near\-lossless image preprocessing. This option adjusts
pixel values to help compressibility, but has minimal impact on the visual
quality. It triggers lossless compression mode automatically. The range is 0
(maximum preprocessing) to 100 (no preprocessing, the default). The typical
value is around 60. Note that lossy with \fB\-q 100\fP can at times yield
better results.
.TP
.BI \-q " float
Specify the compression factor for RGB channels between 0 and 100. The default
is 75.
.br
In case of lossy compression (default), a small factor produces a smaller file
with lower quality. Best quality is achieved by using a value of 100.
.br
In case of lossless compression (specified by the \fB\-lossless\fP option), a
small factor enables faster compression speed, but produces a larger file.
Maximum compression is achieved by using a value of 100.
.TP
.BI \-z " int
Switch on \fBlossless\fP compression mode with the specified level between 0
and 9, with level 0 being the fastest, 9 being the slowest. Fast mode
produces larger file size than slower ones. A good default is \fB\-z 6\fP.
This option is actually a shortcut for some predefined settings for quality
and method. If options \fB\-q\fP  or \fB\-m\fP are subsequently used, they will
invalidate the effect of this option.
.TP
.BI \-alpha_q " int
Specify the compression factor for alpha compression between 0 and 100.
Lossless compression of alpha is achieved using a value of 100, while the lower
values result in a lossy compression. The default is 100.
.TP
.BI \-preset " string
Specify a set of pre\-defined parameters to suit a particular type of
source material. Possible values are:  \fBdefault\fP, \fBphoto\fP,
\fBpicture\fP, \fBdrawing\fP, \fBicon\fP, \fBtext\fP. Since
\fB\-preset\fP overwrites the other parameters' values (except the
\fB\-q\fP one), this option should preferably appear first in the
order of the arguments.
.TP
.BI \-m " int
Specify the compression method to use. This parameter controls the
trade off between encoding speed and the compressed file size and quality.
Possible values range from 0 to 6. Default value is 4.
When higher values are used, the encoder will spend more time inspecting
additional encoding possibilities and decide on the quality gain.
Lower value can result in faster processing time at the expense of
larger file size and lower compression quality.
.TP
.BI \-crop " x_position y_position width height
Crop the source to a rectangle with top\-left corner at coordinates
(\fBx_position\fP, \fBy_position\fP) and size \fBwidth\fP x \fBheight\fP.
This cropping area must be fully contained within the source rectangle.
Note: the cropping is applied \fIbefore\fP any scaling.
.TP
.BI \-resize " width height
Resize the source to a rectangle with size \fBwidth\fP x \fBheight\fP.
If either (but not both) of the \fBwidth\fP or \fBheight\fP parameters is 0,
the value will be calculated preserving the aspect\-ratio. Note: scaling
is applied \fIafter\fP cropping.
.TP
.BI \-resize_mode " string
Specify the behavior of the \fB\-resize\fP option. Possible values are:
\fBdown_only\fP, \fBup_only\fP, \fBalways\fP (default). \fBdown_only\fP will
use the values specified by \fB\-resize\fP if \fIeither\fP the input width or
height are larger than the given dimensions. Similarly, \fBup_only\fP will only
resize if \fIeither\fP the input width or height are smaller than the given
dimensions.
.TP
.B \-mt
Use multi\-threading for encoding, if possible.
.TP
.B \-low_memory
Reduce memory usage of lossy encoding by saving four times the compressed
size (typically). This will make the encoding slower and the output slightly
different in size and distortion. This flag is only effective for methods
3 and up, and is off by default. Note that leaving this flag off will have
some side effects on the bitstream: it forces certain bitstream features
like number of partitions (forced to 1). Note that a more detailed report
of bitstream size is printed by \fBcwebp\fP when using this option.

.SS LOSSY OPTIONS
These options are only effective when doing lossy encoding (the default, with
or without alpha).

.TP
.BI \-size " int
Specify a target size (in bytes) to try and reach for the compressed output.
The compressor will make several passes of partial encoding in order to get as
close as possible to this target. If both \fB\-size\fP and \fB\-psnr\fP
are used, \fB\-size\fP value will prevail.
.TP
.BI \-psnr " float
Specify a target PSNR (in dB) to try and reach for the compressed output.
The compressor will make several passes of partial encoding in order to get as
close as possible to this target. If both \fB\-size\fP and \fB\-psnr\fP
are used, \fB\-size\fP value will prevail.
.TP
.BI \-pass " int
Set a maximum number of passes to use during the dichotomy used by
options \fB\-size\fP or \fB\-psnr\fP. Maximum value is 10, default is 1.
If options \fB\-size\fP or \fB\-psnr\fP were used, but \fB\-pass\fP wasn't
specified, a default value of '6' passes will be used. If \fB\-pass\fP is
specified, but neither \fB-size\fP nor \fB-psnr\fP are, a target PSNR of 40dB
will be used.
.TP
.BI \-qrange " int int
Specifies the permissible interval for the quality factor. This is particularly
useful when using multi-pass (\fB\-size\fP or \fB\-psnr\fP options).
Default is 0 100.
If the quality factor is outside this range, it will be clamped.
If the minimum value must be less or equal to the maximum one.
.TP
.B \-af
Turns auto\-filter on. This algorithm will spend additional time optimizing
the filtering strength to reach a well\-balanced quality.
.TP
.B \-jpeg_like
Change the internal parameter mapping to better match the expected size
of JPEG compression. This flag will generally produce an output file of
similar size to its JPEG equivalent (for the same \fB\-q\fP setting), but
with less visual distortion.

.TP
Advanced options:

.TP
.BI \-f " int
Specify the strength of the deblocking filter, between 0 (no filtering)
and 100 (maximum filtering). A value of 0 will turn off any filtering.
Higher value will increase the strength of the filtering process applied
after decoding the picture. The higher the value the smoother the picture will
appear. Typical values are usually in the range of 20 to 50.
.TP
.BI \-sharpness " int
Specify the sharpness of the filtering (if used).
Range is 0 (sharpest) to 7 (least sharp). Default is 0.
.TP
.B \-strong
Use strong filtering (if filtering is being used thanks to the
\fB\-f\fP option). Strong filtering is on by default.
.TP
.B \-nostrong
Disable strong filtering (if filtering is being used thanks to the
\fB\-f\fP option) and use simple filtering instead.
.TP
.B \-sharp_yuv
Use more accurate and sharper RGB->YUV conversion. Note that this process is
slower than the default 'fast' RGB->YUV conversion.
.TP
.BI \-sns " int
Specify the amplitude of the spatial noise shaping. Spatial noise shaping
(or \fBsns\fP for short) refers to a general collection of built\-in algorithms
used to decide which area of the picture should use relatively less bits,
and where else to better transfer these bits. The possible range goes from
0 (algorithm is off) to 100 (the maximal effect). The default value is 50.
.TP
.BI \-segments " int
Change the number of partitions to use during the segmentation of the
sns algorithm. Segments should be in range 1 to 4. Default value is 4.
This option has no effect for methods 3 and up, unless \fB\-low_memory\fP
is used.
.TP
.BI \-partition_limit " int
Degrade quality by limiting the number of bits used by some macroblocks.
Range is 0 (no degradation, the default) to 100 (full degradation).
Useful values are usually around 30\-70 for moderately large images.
In the VP8 format, the so\-called control partition has a limit of 512k and
is used to store the following information: whether the macroblock is skipped,
which segment it belongs to, whether it is coded as intra 4x4 or intra 16x16
mode, and finally the prediction modes to use for each of the sub\-blocks.
For a very large image, 512k only leaves room for a few bits per 16x16
macroblock.
The absolute minimum is 4 bits per macroblock. Skip, segment, and mode
information can use up almost all these 4 bits (although the case is unlikely),
which is problematic for very large images. The partition_limit factor controls
how frequently the most bit\-costly mode (intra 4x4) will be used. This is
useful in case the 512k limit is reached and the following message is displayed:
\fIError code: 6 (PARTITION0_OVERFLOW: Partition #0 is too big to fit 512k)\fP.
If using \fB\-partition_limit\fP is not enough to meet the 512k constraint, one
should use less segments in order to save more header bits per macroblock.
See the \fB\-segments\fP option. Note the \fB-m\fP and \fB-q\fP options also
influence the encoder's decisions and ability to hit this limit.

.SS LOGGING OPTIONS
These options control the level of output:
.TP
.B \-v
Print extra information (encoding time in particular).
.TP
.B \-print_psnr
Compute and report average PSNR (Peak\-Signal\-To\-Noise ratio).
.TP
.B \-print_ssim
Compute and report average SSIM (structural similarity
metric, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSIM for additional details).
.TP
.B \-print_lsim
Compute and report local similarity metric (sum of lowest error amongst the
collocated pixel neighbors).
.TP
.B \-progress
Report encoding progress in percent.
.TP
.B \-quiet
Do not print anything.
.TP
.B \-short
Only print brief information (output file size and PSNR) for testing purposes.
.TP
.BI \-map " int
Output additional ASCII\-map of encoding information. Possible map values
range from 1 to 6. This is only meant to help debugging.

.SS ADDITIONAL OPTIONS
More advanced options are:
.TP
.BI \-s " width height
Specify that the input file actually consists of raw Y'CbCr samples following
the ITU\-R BT.601 recommendation, in 4:2:0 linear format.
The luma plane has size \fBwidth\fP x \fBheight\fP.
.TP
.BI \-pre " int
Specify some preprocessing steps. Using a value of '2' will trigger
quality\-dependent pseudo\-random dithering during RGBA\->YUVA conversion
(lossy compression only).
.TP
.BI \-alpha_filter " string
Specify the predictive filtering method for the alpha plane. One of 'none',
\&'fast' or 'best', in increasing complexity and slowness order. Default is
\&'fast'. Internally, alpha filtering is performed using four possible
predictions (none, horizontal, vertical, gradient). The 'best' mode will try
each mode in turn and pick the one which gives the smaller size. The 'fast'
mode will just try to form an a priori guess without testing all modes.
.TP
.BI \-alpha_method " int
Specify the algorithm used for alpha compression: 0 or 1. Algorithm 0 denotes
no compression, 1 uses WebP lossless format for compression. The default is 1.
.TP
.B \-exact
Preserve RGB values in transparent area. The default is off, to help
compressibility.
.TP
.BI \-blend_alpha " int
This option blends the alpha channel (if present) with the source using the
background color specified in hexadecimal as 0xrrggbb. The alpha channel is
afterward reset to the opaque value 255.
.TP
.B \-noalpha
Using this option will discard the alpha channel.
.TP
.BI \-hint " string
Specify the hint about input image type. Possible values are:
\fBphoto\fP, \fBpicture\fP or \fBgraph\fP.
.TP
.BI \-metadata " string
A comma separated list of metadata to copy from the input to the output if
present.
Valid values: \fBall\fP, \fBnone\fP, \fBexif\fP, \fBicc\fP, \fBxmp\fP.
The default is \fBnone\fP.

Note: each input format may not support all combinations.
.TP
.B \-noasm
Disable all assembly optimizations.

.SH EXIT STATUS
If there were no problems during execution, \fBcwebp\fP exits with the value of
the C constant \fBEXIT_SUCCESS\fP. This is usually zero.
.PP
If an error occurs, \fBcwebp\fP exits with the value of the C constant
\fBEXIT_FAILURE\fP. This is usually one.

.SH EXAMPLES
cwebp \-q 50 -lossless picture.png \-o picture_lossless.webp
.br
cwebp \-q 70 picture_with_alpha.png \-o picture_with_alpha.webp
.br
cwebp \-sns 70 \-f 50 \-size 60000 picture.png \-o picture.webp
.br
cwebp \-o picture.webp \-\- \-\-\-picture.png

.SH AUTHORS
\fBcwebp\fP is a part of libwebp and was written by the WebP team.
.br
The latest source tree is available at
https://chromium.googlesource.com/webm/libwebp
.PP
This manual page was written by Pascal Massimino <pascal.massimino@gmail.com>,
for the Debian project (and may be used by others).

.SH REPORTING BUGS
Please report all bugs to the issue tracker:
https://issues.webmproject.org
.br
Patches welcome! See this page to get started:
https://www.webmproject.org/code/contribute/submitting\-patches/

.SH SEE ALSO
.BR dwebp (1),
.BR gif2webp (1)
.br
Please refer to https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/ for additional
information.

Sid Gifari From Gifari Industries - BD Cyber Security Team